In the 1976 film *Carrie*, director Brian De Palma encouraged a collaborative atmosphere that allowed for several significant instances of improvisation and spontaneous character choices. The most notable examples are detailed below:
### **1. Edie McClurg (Helen)**
Perhaps the most extensive improvisation came from Edie McClurg, who played the character Helen (one of Chris Hargensen’s sidekicks).
* **The Detail:** Originally, McClurg’s character had no dialogue in the script; she was cast simply as "the girl in the glasses." However, De Palma was so impressed by her comedic background that he gave her permission to **improvise all of her lines** throughout the film.
* **Specific Scene:** Most of her banter with the other girls in the locker room and during the "slugging" scenes was made up on the spot. McClurg’s "Helen" often acts as a humorous, high-pitched foil to the more overtly cruel Chris and Norma.
### **2. Betty Buckley (Miss Collins)**
Betty Buckley provided one of the film’s most humanizing moments through improvisation.
* **The Detail:** In the scene where Miss Collins consoles Sue Snell (Amy Irving) in the gym, the original script contained dialogue about her own prom that both Buckley and De Palma felt was "lackluster" (referencing being taller than her date and a clashing corsage).
* **Specific Scene:** De Palma asked Buckley to discard the script and **make up a story on the spot** about her own high school experience. Buckley improvised the story about her prom being a "disaster" where she felt like a "big red truck," which added a layer of authentic vulnerability to the teacher’s character that wasn't in the original screenplay.
### **3. P.J. Soles (Norma)**
While Soles' dialogue followed the script more closely, her character’s most iconic traits were the result of spontaneous choices and accidents.
* **The Detail:** The **red baseball cap** that Norma wears in almost every scene (even at the prom) was not scripted. Soles wore it to her audition to hide her face from the sun, and De Palma loved it so much he insisted she wear it throughout the movie.
* **Specific Scene:** During the opening volleyball game, Soles **spontaneously hit Sissy Spacek over the head with her cap** after Carrie missed the ball. This unscripted action established Norma’s petty, impulsive bullying so effectively that De Palma decided to expand her role in the film.
### **4. Piper Laurie (Margaret White)**
Piper Laurie’s performance was shaped by her unique interpretation of the material, which she initially believed was a black comedy.
* **The Detail:** The script famously described Carrie’s prom dress as red. When the costume department changed it to pale pink (to better suit Sissy Spacek’s complexion), Laurie **insisted on keeping the scripted line** calling it "red."
* **The Reasoning:** She argued that in Margaret’s fanatical, twisted mind, the dress *was* red—the color of sin and the "curse of blood." This choice turned a potential continuity error into a chilling character beat.
### **5. Real Reactions Treated as Improvisation**
Several of the film’s most "authentic" moments were the result of De Palma’s penchant for capturing real-life reactions:
* **The Slap:** When Miss Collins slaps Chris Hargensen (Nancy Allen) on the athletic field, De Palma felt a stage slap looked fake. He instructed Buckley to **actually slap Allen**. After multiple takes, the shock and pain on Allen’s face in the final cut is 100% genuine.
* **The Fire Hose:** During the prom massacre, the water pressure from the fire hose **actually burst P.J. Soles’ eardrum**. Her collapse and the look of intense pain on her face were real injuries, which De Palma kept in the film because the reaction was so visceral.