The title of the 1973 film ***Serpico*** is primarily significant as the surname of its real-life protagonist, **Frank Serpico**, a New York City Police Department (NYPD) officer whose whistleblowing led to the formation of the Knapp Commission. In the context of the film’s plot and themes, the title carries several layers of meaning.
### 1. Significance of the Title
* **Thematic Irony (The "Snake" Metaphor):** The name *Serpico* is of Italian origin, derived from the word ***serpe***, meaning **"snake"** or **"serpent."** This provides a deep layer of thematic irony:
* In the corrupt world of the NYPD depicted in the film, the "dirty" cops who take bribes are the metaphorical snakes.
* However, within the "Blue Wall of Silence," Frank Serpico is treated as the "snake" (a traitor or "rat") because he violates the department's unwritten code of loyalty by reporting his fellow officers.
* **A Symbol of the Outcast:** The title represents the character’s isolation. By naming the film after him, director Sidney Lumet centers the story on the man rather than the institution, highlighting that he is a "marked man" whose name becomes synonymous with defiance.
* **Cultural Legacy:** Following the film's success, the word "Serpico" became a shorthand in American culture (and law enforcement) for a whistleblower or an "incorruptible" cop who refuses to play by the rules of a corrupt system—often referred to as the **"Serpico Effect."**
### 2. Direct References by Characters
Characters in the film reference the title (his name) directly throughout the movie, often using it to emphasize his status as an outsider.
* **As a Warning or Threat:** One of the most significant direct references occurs in the opening scene (and later in the chronological timeline) when a call comes into the precinct: **"Guess who got shot? Serpico."** The response from a fellow officer—**"I know six cops said they’d like to"**—immediately establishes that his name is a symbol of hatred within the force.
* **The "Weirdo" Label:** Characters frequently use his name in a dismissive or aggressive tone. For instance, Lieutenant Steiger (James Tolkan) addresses him with hostility: **"Hold it, Serpico. What were you two doing?"** while accusing him of being a "weirdo" due to his bohemian lifestyle and refusal to take "clean" money.
* **The "Paco" Nickname:** In several scenes, Frank Serpico is referred to by the nickname **"Paco"** (a common Spanish/Italian diminutive for Francisco/Frank). He uses this name among his bohemian friends in Greenwich Village to distance himself from his identity as a police officer, which he is increasingly ashamed of.
* **Institutional Infamy:** Chief Sidney Green (John Randolph) provides a meta-commentary on the weight of a name when he tells Frank: **"My name's an obscenity to every s***house wall in every precinct in the city."** While he is referring to his own name, he is drawing a parallel to Frank, whose name (the film's title) is becoming similarly "obscene" to the corrupt establishment.
### 3. Specific Detail: Visual References
The name is also referenced visually in the plot:
* **The Gold Shield:** The climax of his career arc involves his name being called to receive a detective’s "gold shield," a promotion he views as "blood money" or a hollow reward for having been shot in the face.
* **The Testimony:** During the televised Knapp Commission hearings, he is formally addressed as **"Officer Frank Serpico,"** marking the moment his private struggle becomes a public name known to the entire city.